There’s a common notion these days that underneath it all, everyone is well-intentioned and good. On the other hand, some cynics believe that everyone is selfish, even if they may outwardly appear to be altruistic. Some people even think it would be a good thing for everyone to put self-interest first. (I see you, Objectivists!)
But human life, and the human psyche, is more complex than that.
Emanuel Swedenborg (1688–1772) identified four types of love that drive human life. Here they are in the traditional Christian and biblical language:
Love of the Lord
- Love of the neighbor
- Love of the world
- Love of self
We’ll put them in more contemporary language, and describe each one more fully, in a moment.
No two people have the exact same love driving them. These are the four general categories of love, but they are differentiated into as many different specific kinds of love as there are people. No two people are ever the same, and no two people are ever motivated by exactly the same love.
What we love most of all determines everything about our life and character. This is what Swedenborg calls our “ruling love” or “primary love,” and it is our true inner self. Everything else about us arranges itself around the primary, central love that drives us.
Once we understand the four different kinds of love, and the concept of a person’s ruling love, human society and the people around us start to make a lot more sense.
Let’s take a closer look.
For more on our four primary motivators, please click here to read on.